Library Home: News Literacy: News Views & Fact Checking Resources: Types of News

Types of News

Image Source: Identifying and Countering FAKE NEWS (p.8) by Mark Verstraete1 , Derek E. Bambauer2 , & Jane R. Bambauer (floridabar.org) p.8
Image Source: Identifying and Countering Fake News (https://papers.ssrn.com/)
P. 826; 40 Pages Posted: 26 Jul 2017 Last revised: 9 Jun 2023

Mark Verstraete UCLA School of Law
Derek E. Bambauer University of Florida Levin College of Law
Jane R. Bambauer University of Florida Levin College of Law; University of Florida - College of Journalism & Communication; University of Arizona - James E. Rogers College of Law

What kinds of misinformation and disinformation are out there?

• Fabricated content: completely false content.
• Manipulated content: content that includes distortions of genuine information or imagery — a headline, for example, that is made more sensationalist to serve as "clickbait."
• Imposter content: material involving impersonation of genuine sources — by using the branding of an established news agency, for instance.
• Misleading content: information presented in a misleading way — by, for example, presenting comment as fact.
• False context of connection: factually accurate content that is shared with false contextual information — for example, a headline that does not reflect the content of an article.
• Satire and parody: humorous but false stores presented as if they are true. Although this isn't usually categorized as fake news, it may unintentionally fool readers.

Source & more detail at: What kinds of misinformation and disinformation are out there? (cbc.ca)

SATIRE: (noun) the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices.

Current list of satirical fake news websites (wikipedia.org) Crowd-sourced list.
National Report (Has An Obvious Satire Disclaimer) (nationalreport.net/) Disclaimer: (Accessed 8/3/2020) "National Report is a news and political satire web publication, which may or may not use real names, often in semi-real or mostly fictitious ways. All news articles contained within National Report are fiction, and presumably fake news. Any resemblance to the truth is purely coincidental. Advice given is NOT to be construed as professional. If you are in need of professional help, please consult a professional. National Report is not intended for children under the age of 18."
The Onion "The First Amendment protects satire as a form of free speech and expression." (.theonion.com) (Accessed 8/3/2020) "The First Amendment protects satire as a form of free speech and expression. The Onion uses invented names in all of its stories, except in cases where public figures are being satirized. Any other use of real names is accidental and coincidental. The Onion is not intended for readers under 18 years of age."
Realistic looking SATIRE: Call The Cops: America's 27th most trusted source for public safety news (callthecops.ne) Disclaimer: (Accessed 8/3/2020) "This site is a satire of the current state of Law Enforcement, Fire Fighting and Emergency Medical work. Stories posted here are not real and you should not assume them to have any basis in any real fact. Heck we tend to leave in spelling and grammer errors just to prove we is not the professional media. No reference of an individual, company, or government entity seeks to inflict malice or emotional harm."
Satire from the Borowitz Report: Not the news. (newyorker.com) (Accessedd 8/3/2020) "Not the news." Posted as part of the headline.

News Literacy: News Views & Fact Checking Resources: Types of News

Types of News

What kinds of misinformation and disinformation are out there?

SATIRE: (noun) the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices.

Current list of satirical fake news websites (wikipedia.org) Crowd-sourced list.

BE WARY: Websites posing as local news (to spread misinformation - not satire, although some satire maybe posted as truth.)

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