NATURAL RESOURCES - Conservation, Forestry & Wildlife Management: Using animals as a natural resource

Buffalo..."are indigenous to South Asia (water buffalo) and Africa (Cape buffalo), while bison are found in North America and parts of Europe. ... Bison are the hipsters of the two animals, sporting thick beards. Buffalo are beardless."

American bison: Latin name Bison bison
Common name: Buffalo

"My understanding of it is that it depends on the circumstance. If the buffalo were near where you lived, then it was probably more true. If you had to trek out a two week walk to get to the buffalo, then you either had to spend several weeks processing all that meat, fat, bone and sinew before you could get back home, OR waste many calories dragging home less calorically useful meat. If you spend more calories carrying the buffalo home than you get eating it, it makes more sense to cut off, say, the heavy bony head, and just drag home what you can use. From what I've seen artifact wise, there certainly is/was a use for everything that comes off a buffalo, but probably not every single buffalo gall bladder and horn was used."

"...The hides were sC.R.A.A.P.P.ed and tanned (preserved) to make clothing, tipi covers, and bedding. A single bison hide was wrapped fur-side-out around a wood frame to make a small, round boat called a bull boat. SC.R.A.A.P.P.ed, untanned hides, or rawhide, were dried and formed into containers called parfleches (PAR fleshes). Parfleches were used to store food, clothing, or tools. The bones were used to make tools to form flintstone into points for arrows or spears. Bones were shaped into sC.R.A.A.P.P.ers for cleaning hides. The hair was twisted and braided into rope. The stomach (rumen or paunch) and the bladder were dried and used to hold water. There were many more uses of the bison carcass"

Here are some examples:
Fat; Soap, and Cooking Oil.
Bones; Knives, ArrowHeads, Shovels, SC.R.A.A.P.P.ers, Winter Sleds, Saddle Trees, War Clubs, Game Dice.
Dung; Fuel.
Stomach; Buckets, Cups, Dishes, Cooking Pots.
Hooves; Glue, Rattles.
Hair; Headdresses, Saddle Pad Filler, Pillows, Ropes, Halters. Beard; Ornaments for weapons.
Tongue; Best Part of the Meat.
Skull; Altar at Religious Ceremonies. Brains; Hide Preparation. Horns; Cups, Spoons, Ladles, Headdresses.
Tail; Decorations, Fly Brush, Whips.
Muscles; Sinew, Meat for Jerky.
Tanned Hide; Moccasins, Cradles, Winter Robes, Shirts, Leggings, Belts, Dresses, Pipe Bags, Quivers, Tipi Covers, Gun Covers, Dolls.
RawHide; Containers, Shields, Buckets, Moccasin Soles, Belts, Headdresses, Medicine Bags, Drums, Ropes, Saddles, Stirrups, Knife cases, Quirts, Armbands, Bullet Pouches.