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Pronunciation of "ch" and "c"

The 3 “ch” sounds: sh, tch, k (Also Accessed 3/2/2021)
"It can sound like k (as in “chasm” or “school”), like sh (as in “charade” or “brochure”), and like tch (as in “champion” and “child”)."
Pronunciation of "ch" in English from Wikipedia (accessed 3/2/2021)
Excerpt:

In English, ch is most commonly pronounced as [tʃ], as in chalk, cheese, cherry, church, much, etc.

Ch can also be pronounced as [k], as in ache, choir, school and stomach. Most words with this pronunciation of ch find their origin in Greek words with the letter chi, like mechanics, chemistry and character. Others, like chiaroscuro, scherzo and zucchini, come from Italian.

In some English words of French origin, "ch" represents [ʃ], as in charade, machine, chivalry and nonchalant. Due to hypercorrection, this pronunciation also occurs in a few loanwords from other sources, like machete (from Spanish) and pistachio (from Italian).

In certain dialects of British English ch is often pronounced [dʒ] in two words: sandwich and spinach, and also in place names, such as Greenwich and Norwich.

In words of Scots origin it may be pronounced as [x] (or [k]), as in loch and clachan. In words of Hebrew or Yiddish origin it may be pronounced as [χ] (or [x]).

The digraph can also be silent, as in Crichton, currach, drachm, yacht and traditionally in schism.

THE TWO WAYS TO SAY “CELTIC”.
Why There are Two Ways to Pronounce 'Celtic'
"Celtic had a soft c, like “Seltic,” in Celtic Football Club, and a hard c, like “Keltic,” elsewhere—Celtic mythology, Celtic music, The Celts."

English Pronunciation Resources

English Rules

Capitalize the names of places
Change a final y to i before a suffix, unless the suffix begins with i.
Complex: A Compendium of English Orthography (dwcummings.com)
The consonants v, j, k, w and x are never doubled.
Contractions Need Apostrophes Where Letters Are Missing
Double a final single consonant before adding a suffix when the word ends with a single vowel followed by a single consonant AND the consonant ends an accented syllable or a one-syllable word.
Double the “F,” “L,” and “S” in One Syllable Words
Drop the final e in a word before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) but not before a suffix beginning with a consonant.
Drop the Final “E” After a Suffix
Every word has at least one vowel. Exceptions like "cwm" may be borrowed from other languages (and W acts like UU)
The letter s never follows x.
Prefixes (Generally) Don’t Change the Spelling
Remove an “L” From “All” as a Prefix
Short Vowels Only Need One Vowel
Simple: Spelling Rules (dictionary.com)
Suffixes Don’t Have to Change the Spelling
Use i before e, except after c, or when sounding like "a" as in "neighbor" and "weigh."
Words Do Not End With “V” or “J”
“C” Makes Two Sounds: K as in "cat" and S as in "cell"
"C" always softens to /s/ when followed by E, I, or Y. Otherwise, C says /k/. Chimera is
“Q” Is Followed By “U”
“S” Never Follows “X”
To make a word plural, if the word ends with a consonant and y, change the y to an i and add es.
If a one syllable word has 2 vowels, the first vowel is usually long and the second is usually silent.
Words ending in a vowel and y can add the suffix -ed or -ing without making any other change.

English Language Learning

English as a Second Language (ESL) (UsingEnglish.com)
Lexile (Reading Level) Resources Library Guide (library.fvtc.edu)
Teaching the Four Skills (americanenglish.state.gov)
Materials to teach reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

Writing Tips for English Language Learners

UW Madison: Research Guide: ESL/ELL Education : Interactive Websites for Learning
Handbook for Writers: Appendix A: Writing for Nonnative English Speakers (Saylor)
If you learned English as a second language and you regularly speak a language other than English, this appendix is for you.

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